ID Cards
The history of using passports and national identification cards is different. The shape and format of most of today's ID cards became a standard format in 1985, while the standardization of passports was done in 1920. In any case, in the last decade, fundamental changes occurred in the documents of the national identity card.
Napoleon Bonaparte is considered the main pioneer of the national identity card. In 19th century France, Napoleon explained property rights and introduced new bureaucratic policies. Also, Napoleon was the person who introduced the domestic ID card document system in 1803 to 1804 for the workers. And although the system was intended to be used only for French workers, it prompted other leaders to introduce similar identification systems in their countries.
National identity card
For example, Sultan Mahmud II, who was influenced by the success of Napoleon's reforms, introduced the national identity card in the Ottoman Empire in 1844. Of course, it is necessary to remember that many countries did not follow this movement until the Second World War, and it was only after this period that the leaders of the countries began to introduce identity document systems to strengthen their security.
Today, there are national identity cards in more than 100 countries. These cards are used as an identity document that can be used in cases such as national voting (e.g. presidential elections), travel, continuous banking processes (opening an account, applying for a loan), or purchasing age-restricted products. Such conditions are considered based on three pillars of the daily use of national identification documents by citizens - authentication, crossing borders, access to remote services.
The well-known definition of "national identity card" introduces it as a document that is generally in the form of a plastic card the size of a credit card, and the personal information and image of its true owner are digitally placed on the card.
The evolution of national identification cards
It is necessary to note that the well-known definition of the national ID card - often by mentioning and describing its physical and tangible features and characteristics - will soon be a thing of the past.
In fact, in the last two decades, national ID cards have changed a lot. The reason for this is the global change in technology and the development of solutions that have affected how to produce, personalize and access and use identity documents.
National ID cards have come a long way, from paper notebooks and cards that were written by hand with no security features, to today's ID cards that bear almost no resemblance to the past. National ID cards are now issued in the form of polycarbonate cards – rather than paper – and include several security features including holograms, fluorescent inversions, and bar codes.
Napoleon Bonaparte is considered the main pioneer of the national identity card. In 19th century France, Napoleon explained property rights and introduced new bureaucratic policies. Also, Napoleon was the person who introduced the domestic ID card document system in 1803 to 1804 for the workers. And although the system was intended to be used only for French workers, it prompted other leaders to introduce similar identification systems in their countries.
National identity card
For example, Sultan Mahmud II, who was influenced by the success of Napoleon's reforms, introduced the national identity card in the Ottoman Empire in 1844. Of course, it is necessary to remember that many countries did not follow this movement until the Second World War, and it was only after this period that the leaders of the countries began to introduce identity document systems to strengthen their security.
Today, there are national identity cards in more than 100 countries. These cards are used as an identity document that can be used in cases such as national voting (e.g. presidential elections), travel, continuous banking processes (opening an account, applying for a loan), or purchasing age-restricted products. Such conditions are considered based on three pillars of the daily use of national identification documents by citizens - authentication, crossing borders, access to remote services.
The well-known definition of "national identity card" introduces it as a document that is generally in the form of a plastic card the size of a credit card, and the personal information and image of its true owner are digitally placed on the card.
The evolution of national identification cards
It is necessary to note that the well-known definition of the national ID card - often by mentioning and describing its physical and tangible features and characteristics - will soon be a thing of the past.
In fact, in the last two decades, national ID cards have changed a lot. The reason for this is the global change in technology and the development of solutions that have affected how to produce, personalize and access and use identity documents.
National ID cards have come a long way, from paper notebooks and cards that were written by hand with no security features, to today's ID cards that bear almost no resemblance to the past. National ID cards are now issued in the form of polycarbonate cards – rather than paper – and include several security features including holograms, fluorescent inversions, and bar codes.
ID Card
Undoubtedly, the most powerful influence shaping and defining the national ID card process has been the development of biometric technology.
Biometrics refer to distinct and personal biological characteristics that can be used to identify an individual. As such, it includes features such as fingerprint, palm print, and hand geometry, DNA, face recognition, iris recognition, and vein and retina scans.
In the past few years, there has been a noticeable shift towards the use of biometric technology in the production of national ID cards. The main change includes the introduction of the NFC chip – a new security feature that enables contactless scanning and retrieval of personal information, which includes fingerprints, the cardholder's facial image, and other biometric features. The data used in the documents is stored in the chip and may differ from country to country, according to national regulations and requirements.
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the national identity card
Since the start of the global coronavirus pandemic in early 2020, global restrictions have accelerated the shift to contactless solutions, prompting governments around the world to change national ID card systems and meet standards that Just determined, adapt.
One of the biggest challenges faced by institutions around the world was to comply with the strict regulations of KYC (Know Your Customer) and AML (Anti-Money Laundering) policies. As a result, the use and popularity of digital authentication solutions and organizational acceptance increased more than ever. Biometric technology is one of the most powerful fields of said solutions, which has made it possible to use solutions such as face recognition or iris scanning and fingerprints while moving or solutions that recover chip data from cards and identification documents.
UID is one of the video-based identity verification solutions that combines the advantages of artificial and human intelligence and uses facial recognition software to verify the ownership of the document. In addition, the operator can confirm the authenticity and authenticity of the document by measuring the security features and the authenticity of the personal information retrieved automatically.
New European regulations and the future of national identity cards in Europe
European Union Regulation 1157/2019 came into force in August 2021. It is said that these regulations will change the national identity market. Its primary goal is to harmonize national identity cards across Europe to strengthen the security of national identity card systems and residence cards issued by EU member states. Strengthening and harmonizing the security features of ID cards prevents them from being forged, which, according to the European Commission, allows authorities to better fight terrorism, organized crime and identity theft.
According to the new regulations, the new national ID cards must include a machine-readable zone (MRZ) to comply with ICAO regulations and have a chip and be made of strong plastic (polycarbonate) instead of paper. . Its chip is supposed to store data such as the owner's facial image and two fingerprints, and is said to be the most secure way to verify the cardholder's identity, and an extra layer of protection against forgery and identity theft.
The new generation of national identity cards (eID) offers one of the best protections against identity theft and also allows governments to implement new online solutions. These solutions also allow citizens to access their public access and mobile identity services online, including taxi, government announcements, online health, e-voting, and distance learning platforms.
National ID cards – not only in Europe but around the world – have undergone real changes that have increased the level of authentication security. With the implementation of solutions that have made identity theft and forgery much more difficult, the level of security of citizens and institutions has increased to a great extent.
In recent years, not only the form and structure of identity documents and national identity cards have changed, but the way citizens access them around the world and their use, and their identity verification has also changed. By regulating the format of identity documents, governments have adopted a way to use electronic documents (eID, eID cards) that meets the requirements of social and technological change and opens the way for the use of completely remote solutions.
Biometrics refer to distinct and personal biological characteristics that can be used to identify an individual. As such, it includes features such as fingerprint, palm print, and hand geometry, DNA, face recognition, iris recognition, and vein and retina scans.
In the past few years, there has been a noticeable shift towards the use of biometric technology in the production of national ID cards. The main change includes the introduction of the NFC chip – a new security feature that enables contactless scanning and retrieval of personal information, which includes fingerprints, the cardholder's facial image, and other biometric features. The data used in the documents is stored in the chip and may differ from country to country, according to national regulations and requirements.
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the national identity card
Since the start of the global coronavirus pandemic in early 2020, global restrictions have accelerated the shift to contactless solutions, prompting governments around the world to change national ID card systems and meet standards that Just determined, adapt.
One of the biggest challenges faced by institutions around the world was to comply with the strict regulations of KYC (Know Your Customer) and AML (Anti-Money Laundering) policies. As a result, the use and popularity of digital authentication solutions and organizational acceptance increased more than ever. Biometric technology is one of the most powerful fields of said solutions, which has made it possible to use solutions such as face recognition or iris scanning and fingerprints while moving or solutions that recover chip data from cards and identification documents.
UID is one of the video-based identity verification solutions that combines the advantages of artificial and human intelligence and uses facial recognition software to verify the ownership of the document. In addition, the operator can confirm the authenticity and authenticity of the document by measuring the security features and the authenticity of the personal information retrieved automatically.
New European regulations and the future of national identity cards in Europe
European Union Regulation 1157/2019 came into force in August 2021. It is said that these regulations will change the national identity market. Its primary goal is to harmonize national identity cards across Europe to strengthen the security of national identity card systems and residence cards issued by EU member states. Strengthening and harmonizing the security features of ID cards prevents them from being forged, which, according to the European Commission, allows authorities to better fight terrorism, organized crime and identity theft.
According to the new regulations, the new national ID cards must include a machine-readable zone (MRZ) to comply with ICAO regulations and have a chip and be made of strong plastic (polycarbonate) instead of paper. . Its chip is supposed to store data such as the owner's facial image and two fingerprints, and is said to be the most secure way to verify the cardholder's identity, and an extra layer of protection against forgery and identity theft.
The new generation of national identity cards (eID) offers one of the best protections against identity theft and also allows governments to implement new online solutions. These solutions also allow citizens to access their public access and mobile identity services online, including taxi, government announcements, online health, e-voting, and distance learning platforms.
National ID cards – not only in Europe but around the world – have undergone real changes that have increased the level of authentication security. With the implementation of solutions that have made identity theft and forgery much more difficult, the level of security of citizens and institutions has increased to a great extent.
In recent years, not only the form and structure of identity documents and national identity cards have changed, but the way citizens access them around the world and their use, and their identity verification has also changed. By regulating the format of identity documents, governments have adopted a way to use electronic documents (eID, eID cards) that meets the requirements of social and technological change and opens the way for the use of completely remote solutions.